定语从句引导词及用法 环球滚动

定语从句引导词及用法

定语从句中会有引导词，那么定语从句引导词有哪一些呢?以及他们的用法又是什么呢?

(资料图片仅供参考)

1. 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that;代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：

The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)

That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略)

Im not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)

A dictionary is a useful book which(=that) tells us the meaning of words(which或that代物，在定从中作主语)

2. 关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。

例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)

The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.

注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：Well visit the factory which(=that) makes radios.

(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)

They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.

(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)

定语从句引导词及用法

引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：

1、引导定语从句。

2、代替先行词。

3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

关系副词引导的定语从句

1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

(2) The time when we got together finally came.

2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

（六）判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

（对） I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的`成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：

例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；

先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

关键词： 定语从句引导词